Integrand size = 20, antiderivative size = 78 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x^2 \left (2 a+b x^2\right )}{2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}+\frac {2 a \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\left (b^2-4 a c\right )^{3/2}} \]
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Time = 0.05 (sec) , antiderivative size = 78, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 5, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.250, Rules used = {1599, 1128, 736, 632, 212} \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {2 a \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\left (b^2-4 a c\right )^{3/2}}+\frac {x^2 \left (2 a+b x^2\right )}{2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )} \]
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Rule 212
Rule 632
Rule 736
Rule 1128
Rule 1599
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \frac {x^5}{\left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^2} \, dx \\ & = \frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\left (a+b x+c x^2\right )^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right ) \\ & = \frac {x^2 \left (2 a+b x^2\right )}{2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}-\frac {a \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{b^2-4 a c} \\ & = \frac {x^2 \left (2 a+b x^2\right )}{2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}+\frac {(2 a) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{b^2-4 a c-x^2} \, dx,x,b+2 c x^2\right )}{b^2-4 a c} \\ & = \frac {x^2 \left (2 a+b x^2\right )}{2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}+\frac {2 a \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\left (b^2-4 a c\right )^{3/2}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.06 (sec) , antiderivative size = 93, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.19 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {b^2 x^2+a \left (b-2 c x^2\right )}{2 c \left (-b^2+4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}+\frac {2 a \arctan \left (\frac {b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt {-b^2+4 a c}}\right )}{\left (-b^2+4 a c\right )^{3/2}} \]
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Time = 0.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 104, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.33
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {-\frac {\left (2 a c -b^{2}\right ) x^{2}}{c \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}+\frac {a b}{c \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}}{2 c \,x^{4}+2 b \,x^{2}+2 a}+\frac {2 a \arctan \left (\frac {2 c \,x^{2}+b}{\sqrt {4 a c -b^{2}}}\right )}{\left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}\) | \(104\) |
risch | \(\frac {-\frac {\left (2 a c -b^{2}\right ) x^{2}}{2 c \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}+\frac {a b}{2 c \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}}{c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}+\frac {a \ln \left (\left (\left (-4 a c +b^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}+4 a b c -b^{3}\right ) x^{2}+8 c \,a^{2}-2 b^{2} a \right )}{\left (-4 a c +b^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}-\frac {a \ln \left (\left (\left (-4 a c +b^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}-4 a b c +b^{3}\right ) x^{2}-8 c \,a^{2}+2 b^{2} a \right )}{\left (-4 a c +b^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}\) | \(168\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 191 vs. \(2 (72) = 144\).
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 407, normalized size of antiderivative = 5.22 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^2} \, dx=\left [-\frac {a b^{3} - 4 \, a^{2} b c + {\left (b^{4} - 6 \, a b^{2} c + 8 \, a^{2} c^{2}\right )} x^{2} + 2 \, {\left (a c^{2} x^{4} + a b c x^{2} + a^{2} c\right )} \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} \log \left (\frac {2 \, c^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, b c x^{2} + b^{2} - 2 \, a c - {\left (2 \, c x^{2} + b\right )} \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c}}{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}\right )}{2 \, {\left (a b^{4} c - 8 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} + 16 \, a^{3} c^{3} + {\left (b^{4} c^{2} - 8 \, a b^{2} c^{3} + 16 \, a^{2} c^{4}\right )} x^{4} + {\left (b^{5} c - 8 \, a b^{3} c^{2} + 16 \, a^{2} b c^{3}\right )} x^{2}\right )}}, -\frac {a b^{3} - 4 \, a^{2} b c + {\left (b^{4} - 6 \, a b^{2} c + 8 \, a^{2} c^{2}\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, {\left (a c^{2} x^{4} + a b c x^{2} + a^{2} c\right )} \sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c} \arctan \left (-\frac {{\left (2 \, c x^{2} + b\right )} \sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c}}{b^{2} - 4 \, a c}\right )}{2 \, {\left (a b^{4} c - 8 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} + 16 \, a^{3} c^{3} + {\left (b^{4} c^{2} - 8 \, a b^{2} c^{3} + 16 \, a^{2} c^{4}\right )} x^{4} + {\left (b^{5} c - 8 \, a b^{3} c^{2} + 16 \, a^{2} b c^{3}\right )} x^{2}\right )}}\right ] \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 282 vs. \(2 (70) = 140\).
Time = 0.81 (sec) , antiderivative size = 282, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.62 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^2} \, dx=- a \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{3}}} \log {\left (x^{2} + \frac {- 16 a^{3} c^{2} \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{3}}} + 8 a^{2} b^{2} c \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{3}}} - a b^{4} \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{3}}} + a b}{2 a c} \right )} + a \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{3}}} \log {\left (x^{2} + \frac {16 a^{3} c^{2} \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{3}}} - 8 a^{2} b^{2} c \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{3}}} + a b^{4} \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{3}}} + a b}{2 a c} \right )} + \frac {a b + x^{2} \left (- 2 a c + b^{2}\right )}{8 a^{2} c^{2} - 2 a b^{2} c + x^{4} \cdot \left (8 a c^{3} - 2 b^{2} c^{2}\right ) + x^{2} \cdot \left (8 a b c^{2} - 2 b^{3} c\right )} \]
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\[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^2} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{7}}{{\left (c x^{5} + b x^{3} + a x\right )}^{2}} \,d x } \]
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Time = 0.69 (sec) , antiderivative size = 96, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.23 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^2} \, dx=-\frac {2 \, a \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, c x^{2} + b}{\sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c}}\right )}{{\left (b^{2} - 4 \, a c\right )} \sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c}} - \frac {b^{2} x^{2} - 2 \, a c x^{2} + a b}{2 \, {\left (c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a\right )} {\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )}} \]
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Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 187, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.40 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^2} \, dx=-\frac {\frac {x^2\,\left (2\,a\,c-b^2\right )}{2\,c\,\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}-\frac {a\,b}{2\,c\,\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}}{c\,x^4+b\,x^2+a}-\frac {2\,a\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {b^3-4\,a\,b\,c}{{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{3/2}}-\frac {x^2\,\left (\frac {4\,a\,c^2}{{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{7/2}}+\frac {4\,a\,\left (b^3\,c^2-4\,a\,b\,c^3\right )\,\left (b^3-4\,a\,b\,c\right )}{{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{13/2}}\right )\,{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^4}{8\,a^2\,c^2}\right )}{{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{3/2}} \]
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